On February 24, 2025, the European Union (EU) Foreign Ministers’ meeting concluded without imposing immediate sanctions on Rwanda over allegations related to the prolonged conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Instead, the EU stated that any political decisions regarding Rwanda would be based on ongoing developments.
The meeting addressed several pressing issues, including the security crisis in the DRC. While some European nations, particularly Belgium, had been advocating for punitive measures against Rwanda, the EU opted for a cautious approach, differing from the United States, which had already sanctioned some Rwandan officials.
Following the meeting, the EU clarified that it would not mirror the U.S. stance but would instead evaluate potential actions based on unfolding events in the region.
Rwandan President Paul Kagame recently spoke with Jeune Afrique, asserting that he would prioritize Rwanda’s security over concerns about international sanctions. He criticized former colonial powers, including Belgium and Germany, for leveraging sanctions as a means of coercion.
“Some countries involved in this issue, such as Belgium and Germany, are using the threat of sanctions against me because I am defending my country’s rights. Do they think they can intimidate me? Let it be clear: if I have to choose between national security and sanctions, I will take up arms to defend myself regardless of the consequences,” Kagame stated.
Rwanda’s Position on the M23 Conflict
Rwanda has consistently denied any involvement with the M23 rebel group, which has been engaged in a longstanding conflict with the Congolese government. Kigali maintains that a peaceful resolution can only be achieved through dialogue rather than intensified military efforts by Kinshasa.
The diplomatic efforts to address the conflict have been centered around the Luanda and Nairobi peace processes. These initiatives have now been entrusted to new mediators, including former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo, former Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, and former Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta.
Upcoming Diplomatic Talks
Later this week, a high-level ministerial meeting is scheduled to review a report from the chiefs of defense forces of the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The meeting is expected to set the framework for political negotiations, consolidating the Nairobi and Luanda peace processes.
The decision by the EU to delay any immediate action against Rwanda marks a significant moment in the ongoing diplomatic efforts to resolve the crisis in the Great Lakes region. As regional and international actors continue discussions, the outcome of the upcoming negotiations will be crucial in determining the next steps for peace and stability in the DRC.
