French scientist Etienne-Emile Baulieu, best known as the inventor of the abortion pill, died on Friday aged 98 at his home in Paris, according to a statement from his institute.
As both a doctor and a researcher, Baulieu was renowned worldwide for the scientific, medical, and social significance of his work on steroid hormones.
“His research was guided by his attachment to the progress made possible by science, his commitment to women’s freedom, and his desire to enable everyone to live better, longer lives,” the Institute Baulieu said in the statement posted on its website.
Born Etienne Blum in Strasbourg in 1926, he took the name “Émile Baulieu” when he joined the French Resistance against the Nazi occupation at the age of 15.
An endocrinologist with a doctorate in medicine, completed in 1955, and one in science eight years later, in 1963, Baulieu founded a pioneering research unit working on hormones at INSERM, the French Institute for Health and Medical Research. He remained as head of the unit until 1997.
He is best known for his development, in 1982, of RU 486, the so-called “abortion pill” that changed the lives of millions of women throughout the world, offering them the possibility of voluntary medical termination of pregnancy, in physical and psychological safety.
The Institut Baulieu said it was “a non-invasive method, less aggressive and less delayed than surgery,” noting that following his discovery, the researcher faced fierce criticism and even threats from opponents of women’s abortion rights.
“Even today, access to this method is opposed, banned in some countries, and is currently being challenged in the United States, where it is the most widely used abortion method,” the institute added.
He also developed an original treatment to combat depression, for which a clinical trial is currently underway in several university hospitals.
In 2008, he founded the Institut Baulieu to understand, prevent, and treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
Honored with the grand crosses of the Légion d’honneur (legion of honor) and the Ordre national du Mérite (national order of merit), he was elected to the French Academy of Sciences in 1982, which he chaired in 2003 and 2004.
French President Emmanuel Macron paid tribute to Baulieu in a post on X, calling him “a beacon of courage” and “a progressive mind who enabled women to win their freedom.”
“Few French people have changed the world to such an extent,” Macron added.
After the death of his first wife, Yolande Compagnon, he remarried, to Simone Harari Baulieu.
He is survived by three children, eight grandchildren, and nine great-grandchildren, his institute said.
